The working principle of VRLAB can be summarized as follows: ·The positive electrode plate undergoes water decomposition reaction, which causes O2 precipitation and generates H+ ions. ·O2 and H+ ions diffuse to the negative electrode plate through the gas channel and the liquid channel in the separator. ·After reaching the negative electrode plate, oxygen reacts with H+ ions to generate water. ·The generated water is diffused to the positive electrode plate through the separator, so that the water electrolyzed by the positive electrode plate is recovered. The above reaction forms the so-called closed oxygen cycle (COC). The closed oxygen cycle significantly reduces the battery's water loss during charging and overcharging, making it maintenance-free.